¶ÔÓÚÉúº¢×ÓÕâ¼þÊ£¬ÓÐÈ˼á³Ö²»»é²»Óý±£Æ½°²£¬ÓÐÈËÓÃè¹·Ë«È«Ìæ´ú¶ùŮ˫ȫ£¬¶ø¹ã¶«ÈË´ó¸ÅÂÊ»á±íʾ£º²»Óôߣ¬w66¹ú¼Ê¡¤ÀûÀ´(Öйú)×î¸øÁ¦µÄÀÏÅÆ×Ô¼º»áÖ÷¶¯Éú¡£ºÜ¶àÈ˶Թ㶫µÄÓ¡ÏóÊÇ£º×÷Ϊ¸Ä¸ï¿ª·ÅµÄÏÈÐеأ¬²»µ«¸ÒÆ´ÊÂÒµ£¬Ò²¸ÒÆ´¶þÌ¥¡¢ÈýÌ¥¡£Êý¾ÝÒ²Ó¡Ö¤ÁËÕâÒ»µã¡£½üÈÕ£¬´ó²¿·ÖÊ¡Êй«²¼ÁË×îÐÂÈË¿ÚÇé¿ö£¬2023Ä꣬¹ã¶«Ê¡ÒÔ103ÍòµÄ³öÉúÈË¿ÚÔöÁ¿Î»ÁÐÈ«¹úµÚÒ»£¬Ò£Ò£ÁìÏÈÆäËûÊ¡·Ý [1]¡£»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬È«¹úÿ¾Å¸öÐÂÉú¶ùÖУ¬¾ÍÓÐÒ»ÃûÔڹ㶫ßÉßÉ×¹µØ [2]¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´¹ã¶«ÈËÈç´ËÔ¸ÒâÉúº¢×Ó£¿ÒÔºóÖйúµÄÉúÓý£¬¶¼Òª¿¿¹ã¶«ÁËÂð£¿È«¹úÉúÓýͼÆ×£¬¹ã¶«×îÐÑÄ¿Æäʵ£¬¹ã¶«Ê¡Ò»Ö±ºÜÄÜÉú¡£¸ù¾Ý¹ã¶«Ê¡Í³¼ÆÄê¼ø£¬¹ã¶«Ê¡ÒѾÁ¬Ðø40¶àÄê³öÉúÈ˿ڳ¬°ÙÍò [3]¡£ÓÈÆäÊÇÔÚÈ«¹ú³öÉúÈË¿ÚÁ¬ÐøÆßÄê×ߵ͵ĽñÌ죬¹ã¶«Ê¡ÒÀÈ»±£³Ö׎ÏΪ¸ßÕǵÄÉúÓýÈÈÇé [4][5]¡£´ÓºáÏòÀ´¿´£¬¹ã¶«Ê¡²»µ«ÊÇÈ˿ڴóÊ¡£¬³öÉúÈË¿ÚÊýÒ²Ò»Æï¾ø³¾£¬·Ö±ð±ÈºÓÄÏÊ¡¡¢É½¶«Ê¡¶à³ö33.5ÍòºÍ42Íò¡£ÔںܶàÈ˵ļÇÒäÖУ¬É½¶«Ê¡ÔøÊÇÈ«¹ú¡°×î¸ÒÉú¡±µÄÊ¡·Ý¡£µ«×Ô´Ó2018Äê±»¹ã¶«·´³¬Ö®ºó£¬µÚÒ»ÉúÓý´óÊ¡µÄñ×Ó¾ÍÂäµ½Á˹㶫ͷÉÏ£¬²¢²õÁªÁËÁùÄê [3][6]¡£ËäȻһЩµØÇø²¢Ã»Óй«²¼×¼È·µÄ³öÉúÈË¿ÚÊý×Ö£¬µ«ÕûÌåÀ´¿´£¬¶«ÈýÊ¡µÄ³öÉúÈË¿ÚÊý½ÏÉÙ£¬¶ø°üÀ¨¹óÖÝ¡¢ËÄ´¨¡¢ÔÆÄÏÔÚÄÚµÄÎ÷ÄÏ F4ÏÔÈ»¸üÔ¸ÒâÉúº¢×Ó¡£ÓÐÈË¿ÉÄÜ»á˵£¬¹ã¶«µÄ³öÉúÈ˿ڹæÄ£¾Þ´ó£¬ÊÇÕ´ÁË1.27ÒÚ³£×¡È˿ڵĹ⡣ȷʵ£¬¹ã¶«Ê¡³£×¡ÈË¿Ú×ÜÁ¿¶àÄê±£³ÖÈ«¹úµÚÒ»£¬ÕâÊÇÆäÒ»´óÓÅÊÆ¡£ÒªÏëÖªµÀ¹ã¶«Ê¡ÕæÕýµÄÉúÓýÒâÔ¸ºÍˮƽ£¬ÓóöÉúÂÊ»òÉúÓýÂʵÈÖ¸±ê¸üΪǡµ± [7]¡£³öÉúÂÊ£¬Ö¸µÄÊÇÔÚÒ»¶¨Ê±ÆÚÄÚ£¨Í¨³£ÎªÒ»Ä꣩¸ÃµØµÄ³öÉúÈËÊýÓëÆ½¾ùÈËÊýÖ®±È [8]¡£2022Ä꣬¹ã¶«Ê¡µÄÈ˿ڳöÉúÂÊΪ8.3¡ë£¬ÔÚ31¸öÊ¡¼¶ÐÐÕþÇøÖÐÃûÁеڰˡ£½ñÄ꣬ÕâÒ»Êý×ÖÂÔ΢ϽµÖÁ8.12¡ë£¬µ«Êdz¬¹ýÁ˸ÊËàºÍ¹ãÎ÷¡£¼´Ê¹ËãÉÏ»¹Î´¹«²¼×îÐÂÊý¾ÝµÄÎ÷²ØºÍÄþÏÄ£¬¹ã¶«µÄ³öÉúÂÊÅÅÃûÒ²ÓÐËùÉÏÉý¡£ÓÈÆäÊÇÔÚÈ«¹ú´ó°ëµØÇøµÄÈ˿ڳöÉúÂʵÍÓÚ6.39¡ë ƽ¾ùˮƽµÄ±³¾°Ï£¬¹ã¶«ÈËÏԵøñÍâÄÜÉú¡£Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ£¬¾¼ÃÔö³¤»áÓ°ÏìÈ˿ڳöÉúÂÊ£¬ÀýÈçÈ˾ù GDP ÿÌá¸ß1%£¬³öÉúÂÊ»áϽµ0.06% [9]¡£Öйú¸÷µØÇøµÄ³öÉúÂÊÕûÌåÉÏÒ²·ûºÏÕâ¸ö¹æÂÉ£¬Ç··¢´ïµØÇø¸ßÓÚ·¢´ïµØÇø¡¢Î÷²¿µØÇø¸ßÓÚÑØº£µØÇø¡£¹ã¶«È´ÊÇ bug Ò»ÑùµÄ´æÔÚ£¬²»½ö¾¼Ã×ÜÁ¿´ó£¬¶øÇÒÈ˾ù GDP Ò²¸ß£¬2023ÄêÈ˾ù GDP Ô¼10.7ÍòÔª [1]¡£×÷ÎªÑØº£¾¼Ã´óÊ¡£¬¹ã¶«µÄ³öÉúÈË¿ÚÖ®ËùÒÔÄÜÁìÅÜÈ«¹ú£¬ÓëÊ¡·ÝÄÚ²¿µÄ¡°²»Æ½ºâ¡±Ï¢Ï¢Ïà¹Ø¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´¹ã¶«ÈÈÖÔÉúÍ޴ӹ㶫ʡÄÚ²¿½á¹¹À´¿´£¬¾¡¹Üÿ¸öÏÂϽÊеijöÉúÂʾù¸ßÓÚµ±Äê6.77¡ë µÄ¹ú¼Òƽ¾ùˮƽ£¬µ«Í·Î²ÈÔ´æÔڽϴó²î¾à¡£2022Ä꣬¹ã¶«Ê¡È˿ڳöÉúÂÊ×î¸ßµÄǰÎåÃû·Ö±ðÊǶ«Ý¸¡¢ÉÇÍ·¡¢·ðɽ¡¢¹ãÖݺͽÒÑô£¬È˿ڳöÉúÂʾù³¬¹ý10¡ë¡£ÆäÖУ¬¶«Ý¸¡¢·ðɽ¼°¹ãÖÝΪÖéÈý½ÇµØ´ø£¬¶øÉÇÍ·ºÍ½ÒÑôÔòÁ¥ÊôÓÚ³±ÉǵØÇø¡£Ò»Ö±ÒÔÀ´£¬³±ÉǵØÇø¶¼ÒòΪ×Ú×å¹ÛÄîŨºñ¡¢½²¾¿´«×Ú½Ó´ú¶øÔ¶½üÎÅÃû¡£ÔçÔÚÉϸöÊÀ¼Í£¬¹ã¶«Ê¡Éç¿ÆÔºÈË¿ÚËù¾Í¹Ø×¢µ½ÕâÒ»ÀúÊ·ÎÄ»¯´«Í³£ºÃ÷Ã÷×ßÔڸĸ↑·ÅǰÁУ¬¶à×Ӷร¡¢Æ«°®Äк¢µÄ¹ÛÄîÈ´ÒÀÈ»¸ùÉîµÙ¹Ì [10]¡£Ò»ÏîÓɹ㶫ʡÈË¿ÚÓë¼Æ»®ÉúÓýίԱ»áºÍÖÐɽ´óѧºÏ×÷µÄÑо¿±íÃ÷£¬´«Í³ÉúÓý¹ÛÄîȷʵ»áÓ°Ïìʵ¼ÊÉúÓýÒâÔ¸ºÍÐÐΪ [11]¡£¾¡¹Ü½üÄêÀ´³±ÉǵØÇøµÄ³öÉúÂÊÒ²ÔÚ³ÖÐøÏ½µ£¬µ«¹ã¸®´«Í³Ë¼ÏëÎÄ»¯ÈÔÔÚ·¢»Ó×÷Óà [12]¡£ÁíÁ½´óÉúÓýÖ÷Á¦¾ü¡ª¡ª³öÉúÂÊ·Ö±ðΪ11.03¡ë ºÍ10.71¡ë µÄ¶«Ý¸ºÍ¹ãÖÝ£¬Ö®ËùÒÔ³öÉúÂÊÒÀ¾É¼áͦ£¬ºÜ´ó³Ì¶ÈÉϵÃÒæÓÚÅÓ´óµÄÈ˿ڹæÄ££¬ÒÔ¼°ÄêÇữµÄÈË¿ÚÄêÁä½á¹¹¡£µÚÆß´ÎÈË¿ÚÆÕ²éÖУ¬´ÓÀͶ¯ÄêÁäÈË¿ÚÕ¼±ÈÀ´¿´£¬¶«Ý¸ºÍÉîÛÚ·Ö±ðÒÔ83% ºÍ82% λ¾Óǰ¶þ£¬ÖÐɽ¡¢¹ãÖݺͷðɽÔòÒÔ78% µÄÕ¼±È²¢ÁеÚÈý£¬Êǵ±Ö®ÎÞÀ¢µÄÇà´º¶¼ÊС£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬ÕâЩµØÇøµÄÉúÓýÂʲ¢²»¸ß¡£2020Ä꣬¹ã¶«¸÷µØÇøÉúÓýÂÊÅÅÐаñÖУ¬µ¹ÊýǰÈýÃûΪ¶«Ý¸¡¢ÉîÛں͹ãÖÝ£¬·Ö±ðΪ1.04¡ë¡¢1.06¡ë ºÍ1.14¡ë [13]¡£Óë³öÉúÂʲ»Í¬£¬ÉúÓýÂÊÖ¸µÄÊÇÔÚÒ»¶¨Ê±ÆÚÄÚ³öÉúÈË¿ÚÊýÓëÓýÁ举ŮÊýÖ®±È£¬ÅųýÁËÄÐÐԺͷÇÓýÁäÆÚÅ®ÐԵĸÉÈÅ¡£ËùνÓýÁ举Ů£¬Æäʵ¾ÍÊÇ15-49ËêµÄÅ®ÐÔ£¬ËýÃDzÅÊÇÓ°ÏìÉúÓýµÄºËÐÄÖ÷Ìå [7]¡£¼òµ¥À´Ëµ£¬³öÉúÂÊÊǸ¾Å®ÉúÓýÂʺÍÓýÁ举Ůռ±È¹²Í¬×÷ÓõIJúÎÓÐʱºòÖ»ÄÜ´ÖÂԵط´Ó³Ò»¸ö¹ú¼ÒºÍµØÇøµÄÉúÓýˮƽ [7]¡£ËùÒÔÉîÛڵijöÉúÂÊά³ÖÔÚÊ¡ÄÚµÄÖеÈˮƽ£¬Ò²ÊÇÇéÓпÉԵġ£²»½ö½öÊǶ«Ý¸¡¢¹ãÖݺÍÉîÛÚ£¬Õû¸öÖéÈý½ÇµÄÉúÓýÂʶ¼ºÜµÍ£¬½öÓÐ1.17¡ë£¬Ô¶µÍÓÚÔÁ¶«µÄ1.55¡ë¡¢ÔÁ±±µÄ1.95¡ë ºÍÔÁÎ÷µÄ2.17¡ë [13]¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬Ïà±ÈÆðÀ´£¬ÖéÈý½ÇµØÇøµÄÅ®ÐÔ¿ÉÒÔÉú£¬µ«²»Ïë¡£²»¹ý£¬ÕâЩµØÇøµÄÓýÁ举ŮÊýÁ¿ºÍ±ÈÀýÒ²½Ï¸ß£¬ÀýÈçÉîÛÚ¡¢¶«Ý¸¡¢¹ãÖÝ¡¢Ö麣ºÍÖÐɽ£¬»ù±¾ÉϽӽüÈý³É£¬¼ÓÉϱ¾ÉíÅÓ´óµÄÈ˿ڻù´¡£¬ÈÔÈ»¿¸ÆðÁËÉúÓý´óÆì¡£¹ã¶«µÄÉúÓýµ×Æø£¬À´×ÔÕâÀï³ýÁËÄêÇᣬ¡°ÈËÆøÍú¡±Ò²ÊÇÖéÈý½ÇÇøÓòά³Ö³öÉúÂʵÄÒ»´óÓÅÊÆ¡£2022Ä꣬¹ã¶«Ê¡µÄ21¸öµØ¼¶ÊÐÖУ¬Ö»Óа˸ö³ÇÊеij£×¡ÈË¿ÚÊý¶àÓÚ»§¼®ÈË¿ÚÊý£¬¶øÇÒÕâ°Ë¸ö³ÇÊÐÎÞÒ»ÀýÍ⣬¾ùÊôÓÚÖéÈý½ÇµØÇø¡£ÀýÈ綫ݸ£¬ÓÐ751.25Íò³£×¡¾ÓÃñ¶¼À´×ÔÍâµØ£¬Õ¼±È¸ß´ï72%£¬Ï൱ÓÚÄãÔÚ½ÖÍ·Óö¼û±¾µØÈ˵ĸÅÂʲ»µ½Èý³É [3]¡£ÉîÛں͹ãÖݵÄÍâÀ´È˿ڱÈÀýËäÈ»ÂÔÑ·Ò»³ï£¬µ«¸÷×Ô1111.44ÍòºÍ838.5ÍòµÄÊýÁ¿È´ºÜ¾ªÈË£¬¿ÉÏë¶øÖªÄܸøÕâ×ù³ÇÊдøÀ´¶àÉÙÐÂÉú¶ù¡£ÕâЩµäÐ͵ġ°ÒÆÃñ³ÇÊС±ÓÉÓÚ¾¼Ã·¢´ï¡¢²úÒµ¾Û¼¯£¬¸üÊÜ¡°´ò¹¤ÈË¡±Çàíù£¬ÎüÒýÎÞÊýÈË¿ÚÔ´Ô´²»¶ÏµØÁ÷Èë¡£ÄÇЩ´«Í³µÄÉúÓýµØÇø£¬ÈË¿ÚÔòÒÔÁ÷³öµÄ״̬ΪÖ÷£¬±ÈÈçïÃû¡¢½ÒÑô¡¢Õ¿½¡£¾¡¹ÜËûÃÇÒÀ¾ÉÀÖÒâÉúº¢×Ó£¬¿ÉÒ»µ©ÓýÁäÈ˿ڳö×ßËûÏ磬ÕûÌåµÄ³öÉúÂÊ»¹ÊÇ»áÊܵ½¸ºÃæÓ°Ïì¡£Èç¹ûÖ»ÊÇÊ¡ÄÚÇ¨ÒÆ£¬¹ã¶«µÄ³öÉúÂÊÒ²ºÜÄÑÈç´ËÖõÄ¿¡£¶¼Ëµ¡°¶«Î÷Äϱ±ÖУ¬·¢²Æµ½¹ã¶«¡±£¬ÒÔ¹ãÖÝ¡¢ÉîÛÚÁ½´óÒ»Ïß³ÇÊÐΪ´ú±íµÄÖéÈý½ÇÒ»´ø£¬²»½ö¶Ô±¾Ê¡ÈËÓÐÎüÒýÁ¦£¬¸üÊÇ·øÉäÈ«¹ú¡£¡°ÉîÛÚÊǹ㶫È˵ÄÉîÛÚ£¬Ò²ÊÇÈ«¹úÈ˵ÄÉîÛÚ¡±£¬ËµµÄÕýÊÇÕâ¸öÀí¡£µÚÆß´ÎÈË¿ÚÆÕ²éÊý¾ÝÏÔʾ£¬¿×ȸ¶«ÄÏ·É£¬¹ã¶«ÍâÊ¡ÈË¿Ú×ܹæÄ£¸ß´ï2962ÍòÈË£¬Õ¼×ÜÈ˿ڵÄ23.5% [14]¡£ÎÞÊýºóÀ˱¼¸°¹ã¶«£¬½«ÆäÊÓΪ¾ÍÒµ¡¢¶¨¾ÓµÄ»Æ½ðÑ¡Ôñ¡£ÕâЩÍâÀ´ÈË¿ÚÊÇÕæÕýµÄö¦×С¢ö¦Å®£¬2022Ä꣬¹ã¶«Ê¡15-64ËêµÄÀͶ¯ÈË¿ÚÕ¼±ÈΪ72%£¬ÀÏÄêÈË¿ÚÕ¼±È½öÓÐ10%¡£¹ú¼ÊÉÏÒ»°ã°Ñ65Ëê¼°ÒÔÉϵÄÈË¿ÚÕ¼×ÜÈ˿ڵıÈÖØ´ïµ½7% ×÷Ϊһ¸ö¹ú¼Ò»òµØÇø½øÈëÀÏÁ仯Éç»áµÄ±ê×¼£¬Ïñ¶«ÈýÊ¡¾Í¶¼´ïµ½ÁË18%£¬ÊÇÍ×Í×µÄÀÏÁ仯µØÇø [15]¡£ÕûÌå¶øÑÔ£¬¹ã¶«µÄÈ˿ڽṹʵÊôÓÅÔ½£ºÏà½ÏÓÚÆäËûÊ¡·Ý£¬ÑøÀϸºµ£½ÏÇᣬÕý´¦ÓÚÈ˿ںìÀûÆÚ [8] ¡£µ±È»£¬ÔÙÄêÇáµÄÈ˿ڽṹ±ÈÀýÒ²»áÓÐÀÏÈ¥µÄÄÇÒ»Ì죬Éúº¢×ÓÒ²²»ÊÇÄêÇáÈ˶à¾ÍÒ»¶¨ÄܶàÉú¡£ÓÐÈË˵£¬Ôڹ㶫£¬º¢×ÓÒª½»¼ÒÓ㬸øÐ¡±²µÄѹËêǮֻҪÎåÔª¡¢Ê®Ôª£¬Äѹֹ㶫ÈËÔ¸Òâ¶àÉúº¢×Ó¡£ËäÈ»Êǵ÷Ù©£¬µ«Ò²·´Ó³³ö£¬¾¼ÃÄÜÁ¦¡¢ÑøÓý¸ºµ£µÈÏÖʵÄÑÌâ²ÅÊÇºáØ¨ÔÚ³öÉúÂÊÃæÇ°µÄÕæÕýѹÁ¦¡£²Î¿¼×ÊÁÏ[1] ¹ã¶«Ê¡Í³¼Æ¾Ö. (2024). 2023Äê¹ã¶«¹úÃñ¾¼ÃºÍÉç»á·¢Õ¹Í³¼Æ¹«±¨.[2] ¹ú¼Òͳ¼Æ¾Ö. (2024). 2023Äê¹úÃñ¾¼ÃºÍÉç»á·¢Õ¹Í³¼Æ¹«±¨.[3] ¹ã¶«Ê¡Í³¼Æ¾Ö. (2023). ¹ã¶«Ê¡Í³¼ÆÄê¼ø2023.[4] ¹ú¼Òͳ¼Æ¾Ö. (2024). È«¹úÄê¶Èͳ¼Æ¹«±¨.[5] ¹ú¼Òͳ¼Æ¾Ö. (2021). µÚÆß´ÎÈ«¹úÈË¿ÚÆÕ²éÖ÷ÒªÊý¾Ý½á¹ûÐÂÎÅ·¢²¼»á´ð¼ÇÕßÎÊ. Retrieved 20 April 2024 from https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/sjjd/202302/t20230202_1896483.html.[6] ɽ¶«Ê¡Í³¼Æ¾Ö. (2023). ɽ¶«Í³¼ÆÄê¼ø2023.[7] ·Óö. (2004). ÐÂÖйúÈË¿ÚÎåÊ®Äê. ÖйúÉç»á¿ÆÑ§³ö°æÉç.[8] ¹ú¼Òͳ¼Æ¾Ö. (2023). Öйúͳ¼ÆÄê¼ø2023.[9] Àΰ. (2014). ÎÒ¹úÈ˿ڳöÉúÂʵÄÓ°ÏìÒòËØ¼°Æä·¢Õ¹Ç÷ÊÆ. ·¢Õ¹Ñо¿, (09), 71-78.[10] ¹ØÐã·¼. (1997). ¡°¶¡³ç°Ý¡±¶Ô¹ã¶«¸¾Å®ÉúÓý¹ÛµÄÓ°Ïì. ÈË¿ÚÑо¿, (05), 74-77.[11] Áººê. (2007). ¹ã¶«ÈË¿ÚÒâÔ¸ÉúÓýÊýÁ¿µÄÓ°ÏìÒòËØ·ÖÎö. ÄÏ·½ÈË¿Ú, 22(3), 6.[12] ÁÖСÕÑ. (2022). 31Ê¡È˿ڳöÉúÂʹ«²¼£º13Ê¡ÈË¿Ú×ÔÈ»¸ºÔö³¤£¬¶àÊ¡Ê×´Îת¸º. µÚÒ»²Æ¾. Retrieved 20 April 2024 from https://www.yicai.com/news/101597771.html.[13] Ñîкé. (2024). ¹ã¶«Ê¡È˿ڷ¢Õ¹ÏÖ×´ÌØÕ÷¼°Ç÷ÊÆÑо¿(ÉÏ). ÁëÄÏѧ¿¯, (01), 94-106.[14] ¹ã¶«Ê¡Í³¼Æ¾Ö, & ¹ã¶«Ê¡µÚÆß´ÎÈ«¹úÈË¿ÚÆÕ²éÁ쵼С×é°ì¹«ÊÒ. (2021). ¹ã¶«Ê¡µÚÆß´ÎÈ«¹úÈË¿ÚÆÕ²é¹«±¨.[15] ¹ú¼Òͳ¼Æ¾Ö. (2023). ÈË¿ÚÀÏÁ仯¼°ÆäºâÁ¿±ê×¼ÊÇʲô. ¹ú¼Òͳ¼Æ¾Ö. Retrieved on 20 April 2024 from https://www.stats.gov.cn/zs/tjws/tjbz/202301/t20230101_1903949.html.